A new study reveals that about one-third of Americans receive tap water containing a newly identified chemical byproduct, chloronitramide anion. Produced during water treatment with chloramine—a mix of chlorine and ammonia—this compound’s potential toxicity remains unknown. Researchers say improved analysis techniques finally uncovered its structure after 40 years.
The study, published in Science, aims to prompt further investigation. EPA researcher David Wahman confirmed the chemical was present in samples from 10 drinking water systems across seven states. Though no direct evidence suggests harm, its similarity to other toxic molecules raises concerns.
Chloramine-treated water, used by over 113 million Americans, was introduced to reduce harmful chlorine byproducts linked to bladder cancer. However, the ubiquity of chloronitramide anion questions its safety.
While the compound’s toxicity remains untested, scientists, including study lead Julian Fairey, urge research to assess health risks. Initial studies link disinfected water to higher cancer rates, though no connection to this byproduct has been confirmed.
Experts emphasize minimizing exposure as investigations continue, noting that any conclusions and potential regulations may take a decade or longer. Despite these uncertainties, chloramine remains essential for eliminating waterborne diseases like cholera. Balancing its benefits and risks underscores the complexity of modern water treatment.
